北师大版九年级全一册英语Grammar Summary跟读

Grammar Summary

语法总结

1 Passive Voice被动语态

Uses 用法

英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice)。被动语态中，句子的主语是动作的承受者，主语与谓语是被动关系。当动作的执行者不明、无需提及动作的执行者，或者强调动作本身时，使用被动语态。试比较下面的句子:

Jimmy broke my kitchen window this morning（主动语态，强调动作的执行者，即Jimmy。) That window was broken this moning. （被动语态，强调窗子被打破的事实。） The bridge is being repaired now. （被动语态，强调修桥这件事，没有必要提及动作执行者。） Those pyramids were built around 400AD. （被动语态，动作执行者不明。)

Form形式 ·被动语态由'be+ 及物动词的过去分词'构成。be有人称、数和时态的变化。

·不同时态的被动语态构成如下： 一般现在时：am / is / an + 过去分词 一般将来时：shall / will + be + 过去分过词 一般过去时：was / were + 过去分词 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + 过去分词 过去进行时：was / were + being + 过去分词 现在完成时：have / has + been + 过去分词

例如： The room is filled with smoke. Everything will be done to put out the big fire. The bridge wasn’t built until 1914. The room is being cleaned at the moment. He told me that the road was being repaired. All of the food has been eaten up.

·在被动语态中，需要提及动作的执行者时，执行者前加介词by。例如： Mickey Mouse was created by Walt Disney. What was the accident caused by?

2 Conjunctions 连词

1 表示原因的连词 because, since, as是常见的表示原因的连词，可以引导原因状语从句。例如： I can be a good teacher because I’m very creative. Since you don’t know the answer, perhaps we should ask someone else. As it was too dark to go on, we stopped there.

2 since since意为'因为，既然'，还可以作时间连词，引导时间状语从句，意为'自 ... ...以后，从 ... ...以来'，一般与完成时态连用。例如： He has been ill since he arrived here. I haven't played baseball since I left university.

3 as well as as well as可以作表示比较的连词短语，引导比较状语从句，意为'和 ... ...一样好'。as well as也可以作介词短语，连接两个并列的成分，'除 ... ...之外，也，还'。例如: She sings as well as she dances. (比较状语从句) You look as well as you did five years ago. （比较状语从句） She's clever as well as beautiful. (连接两个并列成分clever和beautiful) Michael as well as Judie is friendly to me. (连接两个并列成分Michael和Judie)

3 as well as as well as可以作表示比较的连词短语，引导比较状语从句，意为'和 ... ...一样好'。as well as也可以作介词短语，连接两个并列的成分，'除 ... ...之外，也，还'。例如: She sings as well as she dances. (比较状语从句) You look as well as you did five years ago. （比较状语从句） She's clever as well as beautiful. (连接两个并列成分clever和beautiful) Michael as well as Judie is friendly to me. (连接两个并列成分Michael和Judie)

3 So that / so ... that

1 so that so that引导目的状语从句，意为'为了，以便'。例如： I have to start off early every day so that I can catch the train. I brought him a little food so that he wouldn't get hungry.

2 so ... that so ... that引导结果状语从句，意为'如此 ... ...以致'。常用的结构是：so +形容词 / 副词+ that。例如: He swims so quickly that none of us can keep up with him. Everything happened so quickly that I had no time to think.

4 Relative Clause定语从句

·定语从句用来修饰、限定正在谈论的人或事物。例如： That was the man who refused to give us any help. I couldn't bear the noise that he made.

·被定语从句修饰和限定的人或事物称为先行词，如上面句子中的the man和the noise。定语从句对先行词起修饰和限制的作用。引导定语从句的词称为关系词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。常见的关系代词有which，that和who等。

·who和that用来指代人。例如： I don’t like people who / that get angry easily. Do you know the man who / that came here yesterday?

·which和that用来指代事物。例如： The book that / which he borrowed from the library was very interesting. It’s the film which / that I saw last night.

作宾语的关系代词可以省略。例如： It's the film (which / that) I saw last night. He is the man (whom / that) people would like at the first sight.

5 lnfinitive 不定式

不定式（动词不定式）的基本形式是'to + 动词原形'，有时可以不带to。不定式没有人称和数的变化。例如： I hope to see you again. He told me not to be late again. He got up early to catch the train. I heard him sing today.

·不定式可以作宾语。常见的可以接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, aim, ask, choose, continue, decide, demand, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, need, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, prove, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等。例如： Hope to see you again next week. Did you ask me to come here at 10?

·不定式可以作宾语补足语，结构为'动词 + 宾语 + to do'。这类动词常见的有：expect，tell，want，wish，invite等。 有些动词后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，如feel，hear，let，make，have，see等。例如： He expected me to tell the truth. Did you see her come into the room?

·不定式可以作宾语补足语，结构为'动词 + 宾语 + to do'。这类动词常见的有：expect，tell，want，wish，invite等。 有些动词后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，如feel，hear，let，make，have，see等。例如： He expected me to tell the truth. Did you see her come into the room?

·不定式可以作目的状语。例如： She would do everything to save her son's life. She came to China to learn Chinese.

6 Articles 冠词

冠词是最主要、最典型的限定词，有不定冠词a, an和定冠词the两种形式。

1 不定冠词a和an 不定冠词a和an用于单数可数名词前。在辅音前用a，在元音前用an。例如： a story a European country an elephant an hour an honest man

Uses 用法 ·泛指一类人或物。例如： A child needs love.

·泛指第一次提到的人或物。例如： There is a policeman at the corner of the street.

·常与时间或度量名词连用，表示'每一（个）'。例如： sixty kilometres an hour four times a day