北师大版九年级全一册英语Unit 1 Language跟读

Unit 1 Language

第一单元 语言

Talk about body language and customs.

谈论肢体语言和习俗。

Read about language learning tips.

阅读语言学习建议。

Listen to a discussion about different kinds of English.

听一段不同种类的英语的讨论。

Write language learning tips.

写语言学习建议。

Learn about passive voice and tag questions.

学习被动语态和反意疑问句。

Getting Ready

课前准备

Look at the Key Words. Which are nationalities? Which are languages? Which are both?

看一看关键词。哪一些是国籍？哪一些是语言？哪一些两者都是？

Key Words: Nationalities / Languages

关键词：国籍 / 语言

American, Australian, British, Canadian, Chinese, English, French, German, Indian, Japanese, Russian

美国人，澳大利亚人，英国人，加拿大人，中国人、汉语，英国人、英语，法国人、法语，德国人、德语，印度人、印第安人，日本人、日语，俄罗斯人、俄语

Example

例子

French is a nationality and also a language.

French既是一种国籍又是一门语言。

Look at the photos and discuss the questions below.

看照片，讨论下列问题。

How can we pass on information?

我们怎样才能传递信息？

How many languages can you speak? What are they?

你会说多少种语言？它们是什么？

Do you know any sign language? What gestures do you use to communicate? (e.g. thumbs up, waving your hand ...)

你知道什么手语吗？你会用什么手势来交流呢？（例如竖起大拇指、挥手……）

Lesson 1 Body Language

第一课 肢体语言

Warm-up

课前热身活动

Match the body language with their meanings.

将肢体语言与其意思进行匹配。

thumbs up

竖起大拇指

high five

举手击掌

OK sign

OK手势

V sign

V手势

It is OK.

好的。

I win!

我赢了！

Yeah!

同意！

Well done!

干得好！

Reading

阅读

Skim the text. What is the writer's opinion on the importance of body language?

浏览课文。作者对肢体语言的重要性持什么观点？

Read the text and answer the following questions.

读课文，回答下列问题。

How can body language help us communicate?

肢体语言怎样才能帮助我们交流呢？

What difficulties may we have when using body language in other cultures?

在其他文化中使用肢体语言的时候，我们可能遇到什么难题？

Body language is an important form of communication that is used everywhere, although we don't often think about it. Some messages are understood by people around the world simply because they are not communicated by words. For example, in many countries, people nod their heads to show agreement and they put their fingers up to their mouths to ask for silence.

肢体语言是到处都在使用的一种重要交流方式，尽管我们并不会经常想到它。有些信息可以被全世界的人所理解，仅仅是因为它们不是靠言语来交流的。例如，在许多国家人们点头就表示同意，而他们把手指放在嘴巴上就是请求沉默。

However, body language is used differently in different cultures. For example, in some western cultures, people shrug their shoulders to show they don't understand or they don't care about something. This isn't common in other places. In Asian countries, such as Japan, people bow to show respect when they greet each other or say goodbye. This isn't done in the West.

然而，在不同的文化中肢体语言的使用各不相同。例如，在一些西方国家，人们耸肩就表示他们不理解或不在乎某事。这在其他地方并不普遍。在亚洲国家，如日本，人们在相互问候或道别的时候，以鞠躬来表示尊重。在西方并不会这样做。

Sometimes, people think they know about the body language customs of certain cultures, but in fact, they don't know enough. Take bowing as an example. Many travellers aren't sure how to bow or when to bow while in Japan. Kissing is another example that we need to learn about. In many European cultures, women and children are kissed on each cheek by family members or friends when they meet in the street. New friends are often greeted with a kiss on the cheek by Europeans at parties. Two men usually shake hands and put their free hand on each other's shoulders. In the Middle East, you must be careful about your feet. It is very rude to show the bottom of your shoe when you rest one leg on top of the other. It is also not polite to touch people with your shoes.

有时候，人们以为他们了解某种文化中肢体语言的习惯，但事实上，他们并不够了解。以鞠躬为例。在日本的时候很多游客并不确定该如何鞠躬或何时鞠躬。亲吻是我们需要了解的另一个例子。在许多欧洲文化中，当妇女和孩子在街上相遇的时候，家属或朋友会在他们的每边脸颊上各亲一下。欧洲人在派对上经常会以亲吻脸颊的方式来问候新朋友。两个男人通常会握手，并把空着的手搭在彼此的肩上。在中东，你一定要小心你的脚。当你把一条腿放在另一条腿上休息时，露出鞋底是很粗鲁的。用你的鞋碰到人也是不礼貌的。

So, as we can see, body language is just as important as the spoken language when we communicate with people from other cultures.

所以，正如我们所能看到的那样，当我们与其他文化的人交流时，肢体语言就和口头语言一样重要了。

Unit 1 Language

第一单元 语言

Complete the table according to the text.

根据课文，完成表格。

Body language

肢体语言

Purpose

目的

Place

地点

nod

点头

to show agreement

表示同意

around the world

全世界

to ask for silence

请求沉默

around the world

全世界

shrug shoulders

耸肩

to show they don't understand or they don't care about something

表示他们不理解或不在乎某事

in some western cultures

在一些西方文化中

bow

鞠躬

to show respect

表示尊重

in Asian countries, especially in Japan

在亚洲国家，尤其是在日本

greeting (for women & children)

问候（向妇女和孩子）

in Europe

在欧洲

men greeting each other

男人相互问候

in Europe

在欧洲

Grammar

语法 被动语态 （一般现在时）

Read the following sentences and find similar ones from the text. Then find rules to complete the table.

读下列句子，从课文中找出类似的句子。然后找出规律，以完成这份表格。

They are understood by people around the world.

它们被全世界的人所理解。

It isn't done in the West.

在西方并不会这样做。

被动语态

主语 + 助动词 + 过去分词

He / She / It

他 / 她 / 它

You / We / They

你（们） / 我们 / 他（她，它）们

I

我

kissed ... given ... seen ... shown ... used ...

亲吻…… 给…… 看见…… 表明…… 使用……

Grammer Summary 1, page 172.

详见第172页语法总结1。

Circle the doer in the following sentences.

圈出下列句子中的执行者。

This meal is cooked by my grandpa.

这顿饭是我爷爷做的。

English is spoken by many people around the world.

全世界有许多人都说英语。

The glass is broken by Tim.

这个玻璃杯是蒂姆打破的。

Complete the following sentences with the passive voice.

用被动语态完成下列句子。

The cakes are made by Mum.

这些蛋糕是妈妈做的。

The letter is written in Chinese.

这封信是用中文写的。

We are invited to the party.

我们应邀去参加聚会。

Mary is given lots of gifts.

玛丽收到了许多礼物。

Change the following sentences into the passive voice.

将下列句子改为被动语态。

Tourists buy a lot of postcards here.

游客们在这里买了许多明信片。

Students take tests every Friday.

学生们每周五都要参加考试。

Sarah walks the dog every day.

萨拉每天都遛狗。

Dad does all the housework.

爸爸承担着所有家务。

Speaking

口语

Who usually does the following housework in your family? Use the passive voice to make sentences.

在你们家通常是谁做下面的家务活？使用被动语态造句。

make breakfast

做早餐

sweep the floor

扫地

wash the dishes

洗餐具

cook dinner

做饭

Pair Work What body language do you / your friends / your parents often use? Share with your partner.

结对活动 你 / 你的朋友 / 你的父母经常会使用什么肢体语言？和你的搭档分享一下吧。

Example

例子

What body language do your parents often use?

你的父母经常会使用什么肢体语言？

My mum often hugs me. Hugging is used to show love.

我妈妈经常会拥抱我。拥抱是用来表达爱的。

holding hands (love)

牵手（爱）

patting shoulders (support)

拍肩膀（支持）

crossing arms (anger)

交叉双臂（愤怒）

putting thumbs up (praise)

竖起大拇指（赞扬）

clapping hands (encourage)

拍手（鼓励）

Lesson 2 Different Kinds of English

第二课 不同种类的英语

Xiaoxia is studying in the United States this summer. She is talking with her teacher about the differences between British English and American English.

今年夏天，晓霞正在美国留学。她正在和她的老师讨论英式英语和美式英语之间的区别。

Warm-up

课前热身活动

Read the words below. Match the words with the same meaning.

读下列单词。将意思相同的单词连起来。

mate

伙伴，朋友

cookie

饼干

gas

汽油

sneakers

运动鞋

petrol

汽油

trainers

运动鞋

friend

朋友

biscuit

饼干

Do you know any other differences between British English and American English?

你知道英式英语和美式英语之间的一些其他区别吗？

Listening

听力

Listen to the dialogue and tick the differences mentioned.

听对话，勾出所提到的区别。

spelling

拼写

use of words

单词的用法

word order

词序

pronunciation

发音

Listen and circle the examples mentioned in the dialogue.

听录音，圈出对话中所提到的例子。

notes / bills

钞票

colour / color

颜色

check / bill

账单

gray / grey

灰色的

sweater / jumper

针织衫

flat / apartment

公寓

programme / program

程序

first floor / ground floor

一楼

Listen again and write the examples in the correct box below.

再听一遍录音，将这些例子写在下列正确的方框中。

American English

美式英语

British English

英式英语

Unit 1 Language

第一单元 语言

Function

作用 确认信息

Read the Key Expressions.

读这些重点表达。

Key Expressions: Checking for clarification

重点表达：确认信息

It's hard, isn't it?

这很难，不是吗？

But you pay with 'bills', don't you?

但是你用“钞票”付账，不是吗？

You didn't realise there were so many differences, did you?

你没有意识到存在那么多的区别，是吗？

But you understand each other, don't you?

但是你们了解彼此，不是吗？

What do the responses mean? Circle a or b.

这些回答是什么意思？圈出a或b。

But you pay with 'bills', don't you?

但是你用“钞票”付账，不是吗？

Yes, I do.

是的，我是。

' I pay with bills. '

“我用钞票付账。”

' I don't pay with bills. '

“我不用钞票付账。”

You didn't realise there were so many differences, did you?

你没有意识到存在那么多的区别，是吗？

No, I didn't.

是的，我没有意识到。

' I realised there were so many differences. '

“我意识到了存在那么多的区别。”

' I didn't realise there were so many differences. '

“我没有意识到存在那么多的区别。”

Choose the correct question tag.

选择正确的附加疑问句。

Your friend is here, isn't he?

你的朋友在这里，不是吗？

You speak English, don't you?

你说英语，不是吗？

You haven't seen her, have you?

你没见过她，是吗？

You didn't go out last night, did you?

你昨晚没出去，是吗？

Ben doesn't have a sister, does he?

本没有妹妹，是吗？

Fill in the blanks with the correct question tags.

用正确的附加疑问句填空。

Rachel hasn't finished her homework, has she?

蕾切尔没完成作业，是吗？

They will come over for dinner, won't they?

他们会过来吃晚饭，不是吗？

Judy won the competition, didn't she?

朱迪赢了比赛，不是吗？

You drink coffee, don't you?

你喝咖啡，不是吗？

They weren't at home, were they?

他们不在家，是吗？

Speaking

口语

Pair Work Guess the answers to the following questions and ask your partner for clarification.

结对活动 猜一猜下列问题的答案，然后向你的搭档求证。

How old is your partner?

你的搭档多大了？

How does your partner come to school?

你的搭档是怎样来学校的？

What sport can your partner do?

你的搭档会做什么运动？

What is your partner's mother's job?

你搭档的妈妈是做什么工作的？

Did your partner watch TV yesterday?

你的搭档昨天看电视了吗？

Example

例子

You are seventeen years old, aren't you?

你十七岁，是不是？

Yes, I am. / No, I'm ... years old.

是的，我是。 / 不，我……岁。

Your Turn Work in groups. Give a presentation on the differences between British English and American English.

轮到你了 小组活动。就英式英语和美式英语之间的区别进行一次介绍。

Example

例子

There are some differences between British English and American English. You can see these differences in ...

在英式英语和美式英语之间存在着一些区别。你可以在……方面看见这些区别。

Lesson 3 Language Learning Tips

第三课 语言学习建议

Warm-up

课前热身活动

What do you think is difficult about learning English? What do you do to improve your English?

你认为学英语有何困难之处？你都做些什么来提高自己的英语水平？

Example

例子

Remembering English words is difficult for me. I always have a small notebook with me, and I write down new words. It helps.

记英语单词对我来说很难。我总是随身带着一本小笔记本，并且我会把新单词写下来。这方法有用。

Reading

阅读

Read the discussion and answer the questions.

阅读这篇讨论，回答问题。

What problems does David have in English learning?

大卫在英语学习中遇到了什么问题？

What suggestions do the three students give him?

这三个学生给他提了些什么建议？

What suggestions does Mrs Smith give him?

史密斯老师给他提了些什么建议？

David

大卫

Well, I don't know how you all feel, but I find English really difficult. There are just so many words to remember, and the language structures are so difficult to understand. My problem is that I can't remember all the new words and I find long passages difficult to understand. I'm so worried. How can I improve my English?

嗯，我不知道你们大家的感受如何，但是我发现英语真的很难。有那么多的单词要记，语言结构又是那么难以理解。我的问题就是我记不住所有的新单词，而且我发现长文章很难理解。我非常担心。我怎样才能提高自己的英语水平？

Tina

蒂娜

Don't worry, David. I often use chants, songs and pictures to help me remember new words, and they're quite useful. I also check the number of words I can remember each day. Then I'll test myself again after one or two days. For very difficult words, I'll review them again one or two weeks later. The important thing is to review the new words often.

大卫，别担心。我经常会利用歌谣、歌曲和图片来帮助自己记新单词，它们非常管用。我也会检查自己每天所能记住的单词数量。然后，一两天之后我会再进行自我测试。对于非常难记的单词，我会在一两周以后把它们再复习一遍。最重要的事情就是要经常复习新单词。

Brian

布莱恩

For long passages, you should try to understand the general meaning and key points first. And for language structures, the best way to remember them is to use them. Try to do more reading, listening, speaking and writing in English. The more you use them, the easier learning English will be.

对于长文章，你应该试着先理解大意和要点。至于语言结构，记住它们的最佳方法就是运用它们。试着多做英语方面的阅读、听力、口语和写作练习。你运用的越多，学英语就会变得越容易。

Anne

安妮

As for me, I like to check my learning progress once a week. I usually make a list of things I do well and those I don't. Then I'll set my goals and work out a learning plan to achieve them. I find it very useful, and my English has improved a lot. By the way, I always reward myself when I achieve my goals.

就我来说，我喜欢一周检查一次我的学习进度。我通常会列一张单子，上面记录着我哪些方面表现得好，哪些方面表现得不好。然后我会设定目标，并制定出学习计划来实现它们。我发现这非常管用，我的英语已经提高了很多。顺便说一下，当我实现目标的时候，我总是会奖励自己。

Mrs Smith

史密斯老师

Never give up, David. Learning English is hard, but your English is already very good. I'm sure you'll find a learning method that suits you. Remember, we're all good at different things and we can all make a difference!

大卫，决不要放弃。学英语是很难，不过你的英语已经很好了。我敢肯定你将会找到一种适合你的学习方法。记住，我们大家擅长的事情有所不同，而我们都可以有所作为！

Unit 1 Language

第一单元 语言

Read the text again and fill in the table.

再读一遍课文，然后填写表格。

Name

姓名

Suggestions

建议

Tina

蒂娜

remember new words using chants, songs and pictures

利用歌谣、歌曲和图片来记单词

review the new words

复习新单词

Brian

布莱恩

for long passages, try to understand the general meaning and key points first

对于长文章，试着先理解大意和要点

use language structures in order to remember them

运用语言结构，以便记住它们

Anne

安妮

check your learning progress once a week

一周检查一次学习进度

use a learning plan to achieve goals, reward yourself once they are achieved

利用学习计划来实现目标，一旦实现目标就奖励自己

Read the Reading Help. Then choose the correct meaning of the words from the text.

读阅读辅导。然后选择课文中单词的正确意思。

Reading Help: Dealing with difficult words

阅读辅导：处理难单词

Read the sentence with the difficult word. Is the word a noun, an adjective, a verb or an adverb?

读含有难单词的句子。这个单词是名词、形容词、动词还是副词？

Read the sentences before and after and try to guess the meaning from the context.

读一读前后的句子，然后试着从语境中猜测其意思。

review (para. 2)

复习（第二段）

learn

学习

look again

再看一遍

change

改变

reward (para. 4)

奖励（第四段）

happy

高兴的；快乐的

a prize

一份奖品

give something to someone because of good work, behaviour, etc.

由于工作出色、表现良好等等，因而给某人某物

suit (para. 5)

适合（第五段）

correct

正确的

be right for

适合

a way

一种方法

Your Opinion Which suggestion do you think is helpful for you? What suggestion would you give to David?

你的观点 你认为哪一条建议对你有帮助？你会给大卫提什么建议呢？

Look at the underlined words in the text. Choose the correct meaning.

看一看课文中带下划线的单词。选择正确的意思。

An interesting way to learn English is by watching films. Choose a familiar film – one that you've watched more than once. Don't read the subtitles on the screen while you watch it. Listen carefully and jot down useful words or phrases in a notebook. It is difficult to listen to English continuously for a long time, so at first you may just watch 10-15 minutes a day.

学英语的一种有趣方法就是通过看电影学习英语。选择一部熟悉的电影——一部你已经看过不止一次的电影。当你看的时候，不要读屏幕上的字幕。认真听，并且在笔记本中草草记下有用的单词或短语。长时间持续地听英语是很难做到的，所以刚开始你可以一天只看10到15分钟。

like

喜欢

knowing sth very well

对某事非常熟悉

words shown at the bottom of a film

显示在电影屏幕底下的单词

images in a film

电影中的图像

write down quickly

迅速写下

remember

记住

slowly

缓慢地

without stopping

连续不断地

Speaking

口语

Group Work Get into groups of four. Discuss your English learning problems and give each other suggestions.

小组活动 分成四人一组。讨论一下你的英语学习问题并互相提建议。

Example

例子

I can't remember new words. What can I do?

我记不住新单词。我能做些什么？

I think it's a good idea to use chants and songs to remember new words. It is fun and easy!

我觉得利用歌谣和歌曲来记新单词是个不错的主意。它既好玩又容易！

Communication Workshop

交流研习班

Reading

阅读

Read Minghua's online discussion with Steve. What learnig tips does Steve offer? Write V for vocabulary, G for grammar and S for speaking in the circles.

阅读明华与史蒂夫的在线讨论。史蒂夫提供了什么学习建议？在圆圈里写上V（词汇）、G（语法）和S（口语）。

Hi. I'm Minghua from China. I'm learning English and I feel so frustrated. There are just so many new words to remember and English grammar rules are really confusing. I become very nervous when I speak English, too. What should I do?

你好。我是来自中国的明华。我正在学英语，我感到非常沮丧。有那么多的新单词要记，英语语法规则又真的是很令人困惑。我在说英语的时候也会变得很紧张。我该怎么办？

Hi Minghua, Don't be frustrated. Learnig a new language is not easy. I can share some of my learning tips with you. For vocabulary, I think it's useful to make word lists for different topics. For example, you can make lists for fruit, vegetables and animals. Then you can review them whenever you have time. The more you review, the more easily you'll remember! And when you want to speak or write on a certain topic, you can refer to those lists. As for grammar rules, I've used pictures and tables to help me, for example with verb tenses. I've also tried to put difficult structures into songs, but I think the best way to remember grammar rules is to use them. These methods work well for me. You can have a try. In the past, I was also very nervous when I spoke English in class because I was afraid of making mistakes. Then, I tried to talk to myself. Whenever I was alone, I just talked to myself in English. It worked. Now I no longer feel nervous when I speak English in class! I hope these tips are helpful for you. I am sure you will feel less frustrated soon. Good luck! Steve

你好，明华， 别沮丧。学习一门新语言并不容易。我可以跟你分享我的一些学习建议。 对于词汇，我认为制作不同标题的词汇表是很有用的。例如，你可以制作水果、蔬菜和动物列表。然后，你一有时间就可以复习它们。你复习的越多，你就越容易记住啦！当你想谈到或记述某个话题的时候，你就可以参考一下那些列表了。 至于语法规则，我用过图片和表格来帮忙，例如动词时态。我也试过把较难的结构编入歌曲当中，但是我认为记住语法规则的最佳方法是运用它们。这些方法对我来说很有效。你可以试一试。 在过去，我在课堂上说英语的时候也非常紧张，因为我害怕犯错。然后，我试着自言自语。每当我一个人的时候，我就会用英语自言自语。它奏效了。现在，我在课堂上说英语的时候再也不会感到紧张了！ 我希望这些建议对你有帮助。我确信你很快就会感到不那么沮丧的。 祝你好运！ 史蒂夫

Text Builder

课文扩展

Look at the learning problems in the table and find the solutions in the online discussion and complete the table.

看一看表格中的学习问题，从在线讨论中找出解决方案，然后完成表格。

Unit 1 Language

第一单元 语言

English-learning Problems

英语学习问题

Solutions

解决方法

Trouble with remembering new words

记新单词方面的问题

Frustration with grammar rules

语法规则方面的挫败感

Nervous when speaking

说话时的紧张

Writing

写作

Write one or two of your English learning problems.

写出一、两个你的英语学习问题。

Exchange your English learning problems with your partner. Write down solutions to your partner's problems.

和你的搭档交流一下你的英语学习问题。写下你搭档对问题的解决方案。

Tips for English Learning

英语学习建议

My partner John has difficulty in ... I think he should ...

我的搭档约翰在……方面有困难，我认为他应该……

Speaking

口语

Tell the class about your partner's English learning problems and your solutions.

给全班同学讲讲你搭档存在的英语学习问题以及你的解决方案。

Unit 1 Check Your Progress

第一单元 检查进度

Complete the passage. Use the correct form of the words on the right.

使用右边那些单词的正确形式，完成这篇短文。

The difference between British and American spelling makes me feel frustrated. However, it's important to pay attention to this when writing. Silent letters in English words make spelling more difficult, but the more you use them, the easier you will feel.

英式拼写和美式拼写之间的区别使我感到很沮丧。然而，写作时注意到这一点却是很重要的。英语单词中不发音的字母使拼写变得更加困难，但是你运用的越多，你就会感到越容易。

Britain

英国

America

美国

frustration

挫折

attend

出席；参加

silence

沉默

England

英格兰，英国

difficulty

困难

ease

轻松，舒适

Write the correct words in the blanks.

在空白处写上正确的单词。

cross

交叉

nod

点头

hug

拥抱

kiss

亲吻

shrug

耸肩

shake

摇动

You can ...

你可以……

hug your mother to show you love her.

拥抱你的妈妈，以证明你爱她。

shrug your shoulders if you don't understand.

如果你不理解的话，就耸耸肩。

kiss your family or friends on the cheek when you meet in Europe.

当你在欧洲遇到自己的家人或朋友时，就亲吻一下他们的脸颊。

shake someone's hand to say hello.

握手打招呼。

nod your head to agree.

点头同意。

cross your arms to show you are angry.

交叉双臂，以表示你很生气。

Vocabulary ______ / 14

词汇 ______ / 14

Change the following sentences from active voice to passive voice.

将下列句子从主动语态变为被动语态。

People in Australia speak English. →English is spoken by people in Australia.

澳大利亚人说英语。 →英语被澳大利亚人所说。

She sells cakes in the market.

她在市场上卖蛋糕。

Dad washes the dishes every evening.

爸爸每晚都洗餐具。

We use pictures to remember new words.

我们利用图片来记新单词。

Use the words to make sentences in the passive voice.

使用这些单词，组成被动语态的句子。

Dinner is cooked by Ada every day.

晚饭每天都是由艾达做的。

Computer games are played by them on Saturdays.

在星期六他们玩了电脑游戏。

Beautiful songs are written by him.

优美的歌曲是由他写的。

The floor is swept by me in the morning.

地是我早上扫的。

Circle the correct question tags.

圈出正确的附加疑问句。

You've been there, haven't you?

你去过那儿，不是吗？

She speaks American English, doesn't she?

她说美式英语，不是吗？

The dog didn't eat the ball, did it?

这只狗没吃球，是吗？

Your mother is not a doctor, is she?

你妈妈不是医生，是吗？

We're number one, aren't we?

我们是第一，不是吗？

You'll do your homework, won't you?

你要做作业，不是吗？

Grammar ______ / 12

语法 ______ / 12

Across Cultures 1 Chinese and English

跨文化一 汉语和英语

Do you think English is a difficult language? Why / Why not?

你认为英语是一门很难的语言吗？为什么是 / 为什么不是？

Read the text and answer the questions.

读课文，回答问题。

Which two languages are spoken by more people in the world than any other language?

世界上说哪两种语言的人比说任何其他语言的都要多？

Why is Chinese difficult to learn?

汉语为什么很难学？

How are English letters and pronunciation related?

英文字母和发音是如何相关联的？

How are tones used in Chinese?

汉语中的语调是如何运用的？

Read the text again. Which language do you think is more difficult, English or Chinese? Why?

再读一遍课文。你认为英语和汉语，哪一种语言更难？为什么？

Chinese and English are very different languages. Each language developed along a different path and has a very different system of writing and pronunciation. However, despite their huge differences, both languages are spoken by more people in the world than any other language.

汉语和英语是截然不同的语言。每种语言都是沿着不同的道路发展而来的，并且它有着截然不同的写作与发音体系。然而，尽管它们存在着巨大差异，有两种语言世界上的人说的比任何其他语言都要多。

Chinese began to develop around 1000 BC. It has gone through many forms and has many different dialects. Putonghua is now the most widely used form of Chinese. English began to develop in Britain around the year 100 AD. Local languages, old German, Latin and other European languages mixed and became a new language. This is why, even today, many words in English sound familiar to people who speak other European languages.

汉语大约在公元前1000年开始发展。它已经经历了许多形式的变化，存在着许多不同的方言。普通话现在是最广泛使用的汉语形式。英语大约在公元100年在英国开始发展。当地语言、古德语、拉丁语以及其他欧洲语言混合在一起，于是就变成了一门新的语言。这就是为什么时至今日说其他欧洲语言的人会熟悉许多英语发音的单词。

Chinese writing uses a system of strokes to make characters, which represent a sound, a word or an idea. Learning to read Chinese takes great memorization skills and learning to write it takes many hours of repeated practice. Words must be learnt together with their symbol, meaning and pronunciation. English, on the other hand, uses an alphabet. Each letter and some letter combinations have a different sound. Letters are put together to make a word with a particular pronunciation. Once you learn the basic patterns, you can say most new words you see.

汉语的书写是利用一套笔画体系来形成汉字，这些汉字体现了发音、文字或概念。学会读汉语需要很好的记忆技巧，而学会书写汉语需要花很多时间反复练习。学汉字一定要连同它们的符号、意义和发音一起学习。另一方面，英语中使用的是字母。每个字母和一些字母组合都有着不同的发音。字母放在一起就可以组成一个含独特发音的单词。一旦你学会了那些基本模型，你就可以说出你所见到的最新单词。

Tone is used very differently in Chinese and English. Chinese has four tones, which usually convey the actual meaning of a word. In English, tone of voice creates emphasis, follows a pattern or conveys the emotions or attitude of the speaker.

语调在汉语和英语当中的使用截然不同。汉语有四种语调，这些语调通常传达着词的实际意义。在英语当中，语调可以形成强调，可以遵循一种模式或传达说话人的情感或态度。

Unit 1 Study Help

第一单元 学习辅导

Communication Problems

交流问题

To check if someone understands you, you can say: 'Do you understand me?' You can also use these expressions:

检查某人是否明白你说的话，你可以说：“你明白我的意思吗？”你也可以使用这些表达：

Do you know what I mean?

你知道我是什么意思吗？

I think ..., don't you?

我认为……，不是吗？

If someone doesn't understand what you say, try saying it in a different way. For example:

如果某人不明白你说的话，就试着用一种不同的方式来说。例如：

In many countries, you can ask for silence by putting your finger up to your mouth.

在许多国家，你可以通过把手指放在嘴巴上来请求沉默。

Sorry?

抱歉？

I mean, you can ask others to keep quiet by putting your finger up to your mouth.

我的意思是你可以通过把手指放在嘴巴上来请求别人保持安静。

I see.

我明白了。

Work in pairs. Say these sentences in a different way.

结对活动。用一种不同的方式说这些句子。

English structures are very complex.

英语结构非常复杂。

I can't do revision continuously for hours.

我不能连续数小时地进行复习。

My English test result is very unsatisfactory. I feel so frustrated.

我的英语测试结果令人非常不满意。我感到非常沮丧。

Unit Diary

单元日志

How well can you do these?

你能把这些完成得多好？

Language and Skills

语言和技能

I can understand the texts about body language and language learning tips.

我能理解有关肢体语言和语言学习建议的课文。

I can make sentences in the passive voice.

我能用被动语态造句。

I can use tag questions to check for clarification and agreement.

我能用反意疑问句来确认信息和获取同意。

I know how to deal with difficult words.

我知道如何处理难单词。

I can write about my English learning problems and the ways to solve them.

我能记述我的英语学习问题以及解决它们的方法。

Culture

文化

I know some differences between English and Chinese.

我知道英语和汉语之间的一些区别。

Study Skills

学习技能

I know how to solve communication problems.

我知道如何解决交流问题。