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UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS

第 4 单元历史与传统
A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots.

一个不了解过去历史、起源和文化的民族就像一棵没有根的树。
—Marcus Garvey

——马库斯·加维
Listening and Speaking

听力和口语
2 Listen to a conversation between a British tourist and a Chinese student in Qufu, and then write down what they say about Confucius.

2 听一位英国游客和一位中国学生在曲阜的对话，然后写下他们对孔子的看法。
—Excuse me, do you speak English?

——打扰一下，你会说英语吗？
I'm looking for the Confucius Temple, but I'm not good at maps—they're my Achilles' heel!

我在找孔庙，但我不太会看地图——地图是我的致命弱点！
—Oh, hello, yes, come with me.

——哦，你好，会的，跟我来吧。
I'm going to the temple right now.

我正好要去孔庙。
By the way, what does 'Achilles' heel' mean?

顺便问一下，“Achilles' heel”是什么意思？
—Oh, it means that something is my weakness—I'm really bad with maps!

——哦，这表示某事是我的弱点——我真的不擅长看地图！
So do you know much about Confucius?

那你了解孔子吗？
He's one of my favorite philosophers.

他是我最喜欢的哲学家之一。
He was such a wise man.

他是一个非常智慧的人。
—Oh, yes.

——哦，是的。
I was born here.

我出生在这里。
In fact, I believe I am a descendant of Confucius himself.

事实上，我相信我自己是孔子的后裔。
—No way, you're pulling my leg, right?

——不会吧，你在开玩笑吧，对吗？
So how do you know your related to Confucius?

那你是怎么知道你和孔子有关系的？
Didn't he live over 2500 years ago?

他不是在 2500 多年前就去世了吗？
—Yes, but his family tree is well recorded.

——是的，但他的家谱记录得很好。
He has over three million descendants.

他有超过三百万的后裔。
Sorry again.

对不起，又要问一下。
What does 'pulling my leg' mean?

“pulling my leg”是什么意思？
—Oh, sorry, it means to joke with someone.

——哦，抱歉，它的意思是跟某人开玩笑。
Anyway, so you're actually going to the temple to pay respects to your relative?

顺便说一下，所以你去孔庙是为了向你的亲人表示敬意？
—Well, yes. But I'm also meeting my study group there. We are doing a research project on Confucius' ideas on education. You know, Confucius was a great educator, and he had many great ideas about education. For example, he talked about the relationship between learning and reflecting. He believed that learning without reflecting leads to confusion. Oh, look, the temple is just over there.

——是的，但我也要在那里见我的学习小组。我们正在做一个关于孔子教育理念的研究项目。你知道吗，孔子是一位伟大的教育家，他对教育有很多重要的见解。比如，他谈到了学习和反思之间的关系。他认为没学而不思则罔。哦，看，那边就是孔庙了。
—Oh, great!

——哦，太好了！
What's that big building over there?

那边那个大建筑是什么？
—Oh, that's the famous Dacheng Hall.

——哦，那是著名的大成殿。
You know, it's so well-respected in Qufu that no other building in the city can be taller than it.

你知道吗，在曲阜，它受到极高的尊敬，城市里的其他建筑都不能比它更高。
—Wow, now that's respect.

——哇，这真是受尊敬啊。
That's a little bit like my hometown—Stratford-upon-Avon.

这有点像我的家乡——埃文河畔斯特拉特福。
—Wait, you mean where Shakespeare was from?

——等等，你是说莎士比亚的故乡吗？
What a coincidence!

多么巧啊！
Confucius and Shakespeare, two of the greatest minds in history!

孔子和莎士比亚，历史上最伟大的两位思想家！
I really want to visit the UK.

我真的很想去英国。
I'm really interested in British history and culture.

我对英国历史和文化非常感兴趣。
—Oh, that's great!

——哦，那太好了！
So later we can go for a cup of tea and have a chat about it.

那我们之后可以去喝杯茶，聊一聊这些事情。
And it would be great if you could talk me somewhere to get my watch fixed.

要是你能带我去找个地方修手表就更好了。
—OK, no problem!

——好的，没问题！
So come and meet my study group.

来见见我的学习小组吧。
We can tell you all about the temple.

我们可以告诉你所有关于孔庙的事情。
And how long are you staying in Qufu?

你打算在曲阜待多久？
I can show you the Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion as well.

我还可以带你参观孔林和孔府。
—Really? That's so kind!

——真的吗？太好了！
I need all the help I can get.

我需要尽可能多的帮助。
I'm like a fish out of water.

我就像离水的鱼一样不自在。
3 Listen again and decide whether these statements are true (T), false (F), or not mentioned (NM).

3 再听一遍，判断这些陈述是正确的（T）、错误的（F），还是没有提到（NM）。
Then answer the question.

然后回答问题。
—Excuse me, do you speak English?

——打扰一下，你会说英语吗？
I'm looking for the Confucius Temple, but I'm not good at maps—they're my Achilles' heel!

我在找孔庙，但我不太会看地图——地图是我的致命弱点！
—Oh, hello, yes, come with me.

——哦，你好，会的，跟我来吧。
I'm going to the temple right now.

我正好要去孔庙。
By the way, what does 'Achilles' heel' mean?

顺便问一下，“Achilles' heel”是什么意思？
—Oh, it means that something is my weakness—I'm really bad with maps!

——哦，这表示某事是我的弱点——我真的不擅长看地图！
So do you know much about Confucius?

那你了解孔子吗？
He's one of my favorite philosophers.

他是我最喜欢的哲学家之一。
He was such a wise man.

他是一个非常智慧的人。
—Oh, yes.

——哦，是的。
I was born here.

我出生在这里。
In fact, I believe I am a descendant of Confucius himself.

事实上，我相信我自己是孔子的后裔。
—No way, you're pulling my leg, right?

——不会吧，你在开玩笑吧，对吗？
So how do you know your related to Confucius?

那你是怎么知道你和孔子有关系的？
Didn't he live over 2500 years ago?

他不是在 2500 多年前就去世了吗？
—Yes, but his family tree is well recorded.

——是的，但他的家谱记录得很好。
He has over three million descendants.

他有超过三百万的后裔。
Sorry again.

对不起，又要问一下。
What does 'pulling my leg' mean?

“pulling my leg”是什么意思？
—Oh, sorry, it means to joke with someone.

——哦，抱歉，它的意思是跟某人开玩笑。
Anyway, so you're actually going to the temple to pay respects to your relative?

顺便说一下，所以你去孔庙是为了向你的亲人表示敬意？
—Well, yes. But I'm also meeting my study group there. We are doing a research project on Confucius' ideas on education. You know, Confucius was a great educator, and he had many great ideas about education. For example, he talked about the relationship between learning and reflecting. He believed that learning without reflecting leads to confusion. Oh, look, the temple is just over there.

——是的，但我也要在那里见我的学习小组。我们正在做一个关于孔子教育理念的研究项目。你知道吗，孔子是一位伟大的教育家，他对教育有很多重要的见解。比如，他谈到了学习和反思之间的关系。他认为学而不思则罔。哦，看，那边就是孔庙了。
—Oh, great!

——哦，太好了！
What's that big building over there?

那边那个大建筑是什么？
—Oh, that's the famous Dacheng Hall.

——哦，那是著名的大成殿。
You know, it's so well-respected in Qufu that no other building in the city can be taller than it.

你知道吗，在曲阜，它受到极高的尊敬，城市里的其他建筑都不能比它更高。
—Wow, now that's respect.

——哇，这真是受尊敬啊。
That's a little bit like my hometown—Stratford-upon-Avon.

这有点像我的家乡——埃文河畔斯特拉特福。
—Wait, you mean where Shakespeare was from?

——等等，你是说莎士比亚的故乡吗？
What a coincidence!

多么巧啊！
Confucius and Shakespeare, two of the greatest minds in history!

孔子和莎士比亚，历史上最伟大的两位思想家！
I really want to visit the UK.

我真的很想去英国。
I'm really interested in British history and culture.

我对英国历史和文化非常感兴趣。
—Oh, that's great!

——哦，那太好了！
So later we can go for a cup of tea and have a chat about it.

那我们之后可以去喝杯茶，聊一聊这些事情。
And it would be great if you could talk me somewhere to get my watch fixed.

要是你能带我去找个地方修手表就更好了。
—OK, no problem!

——好的，没问题！
So come and meet my study group.

来见见我的学习小组吧。
We can tell you all about the temple.

我们可以告诉你所有关于孔庙的事情。
And how long are you staying in Qufu?

你打算在曲阜待多久？
I can show you the Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion as well.

我还可以带你参观孔林和孔府。
—Really? That's so kind!

——真的吗？太好了！
I need all the help I can get.

我需要尽可能多的帮助。
I'm like a fish out of water.

我就像离水的鱼一样不自在。
Pronunciation

发音
If you can make one heap of all your winnings And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss, And lose, and start again at your beginnings And never breathe a word about your loss;

如果你能把你的所有奖金都堆成一堆并冒险一掷，输了再从头开始绝口不提所失半分；
If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew To serve your turn long after they are gone, And so hold on when there is nothing in you Except the Will which says to them: 'Hold on!'

如果你能让心灵、神经与肌肉在它们都已疲惫殆尽时仍为目标效力，在你体内一无所有之际仅凭意志对它们说：“坚持到底！”
2 Repeat the poem after the recording.

2 录音后重复这首诗。
Reading and Thinking

阅读与思考
2 Read the text and answer the questions.

2 阅读课文并回答问题。
WHAT'S IN A NAME?

名字里有什么？
The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by what these different names mean.

联合王国、大不列颠、不列颠、英格兰——很多人对这些不同名称的含义感到困惑。
So what is the difference between them, if any?

如果这些名称有区别的话，那么它们的区别何在？
Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.

稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。
In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.

16 世纪时，邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。
Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.

随后，在 18 世纪，苏格兰加入了进来，从而诞生了大不列颠王国。
In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

19 世纪时，爱尔兰王国加入，一起组成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。
Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

最后，在 20 世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了我们如今所看到的全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
Most people just use the shortened name: 'the United Kingdom' or 'the UK'.

大多数人只使用简称：“联合王国”或“英国”。
People from the UK are called 'British', which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.

来自英国的人被称为“英国人”，这也意味着英国通常也被称为不列颠或大不列颠。
The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.

属于联合王国的四个国家在某些领域开展合作。
They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.

他们使用同一面国旗，众所周知的英国国旗，还拥有同样的货币和国防一样。
However, they also have some differences.

然而，它们也存在一些差异。
For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems.

例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰都有不同的教育制度和法律制度。
They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes.

他们也有自己的传统，比如他们自己的国庆节和本国菜肴。
And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!

他们甚至有自己的足球队参加世界杯等比赛！
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history.

英国有着悠久而有趣的历史。
Exploring it can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.

探索它可以帮助你更多地了解这个国家及其传统。
Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.

在英国，无论你走到哪里，你都会被历史上不同时期接管的四个不同群体的证据所包围。
The first group, the Romans, came in the first century.

第一批人，罗马人，在公元一世纪来到这里。
They built the first towns and good roads.

他们建造了第一批城镇和良好的道路。
Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century.

接下来，盎格鲁—撒克逊人在五世纪到达。
They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses.

他们介绍了英语的起源，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
The Vikings came in the eighth century and left behind lots of new vocabulary,

维京人于八世纪到来，留下了许多新词汇，
as well as the names of many locations across the UK.

以及英国各地的许多地名。
The last group were the Normans.

最后一批是诺曼人。
They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.

他们在 11 世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役后征服了英格兰。
They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.

他们在英格兰各地建造了城堡，并对法律制度进行了改革。
The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language.

诺曼人是法国人，所以许多法语单词慢慢进入了英语。
There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.

关于英国有趣的历史和文化，还有很多东西需要了解。
Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.

研究这个国家的历史会让你的访问更加愉快。
The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.

首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK.

这里有无数历史遗迹可供探索，还有许多博物馆收藏着来自英国各地的古代文物。
The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions.

英国是历史和现代文化的迷人结合，有新旧传统。
If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.

如果你睁大眼睛，你会惊讶地发现，你可以看到它的过去和现在。
Listening and Talking

倾听和交谈
1 Backpacker Paul is talking to a receptionist at an international youth hostel in Pingyao, China.

1 背包客保罗正在中国平遥一家国际青年旅社与接待员交谈。
Listen to the conversation and tick the places mentioned.

听对话，勾选提到的地方。
—Hi, Paul.

——嗨，保罗。
I'm sorry to hear you're leaving tomorrow.

听说你明天要走了，真是遗憾。
So what did you make of Pingyao?

那你觉得平遥怎么样？
—Well, to be honest, when I first arrived, I was a little disappointed. I had expected something different. But then I walked into the old city. I was so amazed! It was like walking into history. So many beautiful buildings from the Ming and Qing dynasties.

——嗯，老实说，刚到的时候，我有点失望。我本来期待的是不一样的东西，但是后来我走进了古城。我简直惊呆了！就像是走进了历史一样。明清时期的许多漂亮建筑。
—Yes. Pingyao has a long history—over two thousand years.

——是的。平遥有着悠久的历史——超过两千年。
It used to be a very important banking center in China.

它曾经是中国一个非常重要的金融中心。
—Yes, so I visited the Rishengchang Bank and learnt all about the Qing businessmen.

——是的，所以我参观了日升昌票号，了解了所有关于清朝商人的信息。
I've got to say though, it wasn't as big as I had expected.

不过我得说，它没有我想象的那么大。
But it was still interesting to learn about what banks were like almost two hundred years ago.

不过了解大约两百年前的银行是什么样的，还是很有意思的。
—Oh, well, what about the Ming-Qing street?

——哦，那明清街呢？
That's pretty big.

那可是挺大的。
Some of the snacks there are amazing.

那里的有些小吃很棒。
—Oh, that place, yes.

——哦，那个地方，是的。
But I had no idea there would be so many tourists!

但我完全没想到会有那么多游客！
So I decided to leave and ride out to Shuanglin Temple.

所以我决定离开，骑车去双林寺。
—Oh, cool, that's one of my favorite places!

——哦，太酷了，那是我最喜欢的地方之一！
It's so peaceful out there.

那里的环境特别宁静。
—Yeah, that place is really quiet.

——是啊，那个地方真的很安静。
And some of those sculptures—wow!

还有那些雕塑——哇！
I couldn't believe how big and lifelike they were.

我简直不敢相信它们那么大，还那么栩栩如生。
—Yes, they're amazing.

——是的，真的很棒。
So today you walked along the city wall, right?

所以今天你沿着城墙走了，对吧？
—Unfortunately, no, I just didn't have the time.

——很遗憾，没有，我实在没时间。
—Wow, I can't believe you didn't see the wall!

——哇，我真不敢相信你没去看看城墙！
You have to stay longer, Paul.

你得多待一段时间，保罗。
There's so much more of Pingyao's history to see.

平遥还有那么多历史等着你去发现呢。
—Oh, don't worry, I'll be back in Turtle City one day.

——哦，别担心，总有一天我会回到这个龟城的。
I just can't get enough of those beef noodles.

我实在吃不够那些牛肉面。
2 Listen once more.

2 再听一遍。
Complete the sentences to describe how the speakers felt.

完成以下句子，描述说话者的感受。
—Hi, Paul.

——嗨，保罗。
I'm sorry to hear you're leaving tomorrow.

听说你明天要走了，真是遗憾。
So what did you make of Pingyao?

那你觉得平遥怎么样？
—Well, to be honest, when I first arrived, I was a little disappointed. I had expected something different. But then I walked into the old city. I was so amazed! It was like walking into history. So many beautiful buildings from the Ming and Qing dynasties.

——嗯，老实说，刚到的时候，我有点失望。我本来期待的是不一样的东西，但是后来我走进了古城。我简直惊呆了！就像是走进了历史一样。明清时期的许多漂亮建筑。
—Yes. Pingyao has a long history—over two thousand years.

——是的。平遥有着悠久的历史——超过两千年。
It used to be a very important banking center in China.

它曾经是中国一个非常重要的金融中心。
—Yes, so I visited the Rishengchang Bank and learnt all about the Qing businessmen.

——是的，所以我参观了日升昌票号，了解了所有关于清朝商人的信息。
I've got to say though, it wasn't as big as I had expected.

不过我得说，它没有我想象的那么大。
But it was still interesting to learn about what banks were like almost two hundred years ago.

不过了解大约两百年前的银行是什么样的，还是很有意思的。
—Oh, well, what about the Ming-Qing street?

——哦，那明清街呢？
That's pretty big.

那可是挺大的。
Some of the snacks there are amazing.

那里的有些小吃很棒。
—Oh, that place, yes.

——哦，那个地方，是的。
But I had no idea there would be so many tourists!

但我完全没想到会有那么多游客！
So I decided to leave and ride out to Shuanglin Temple.

所以我决定离开，骑车去双林寺。
—Oh, cool, that's one of my favorite places!

——哦，太酷了，那是我最喜欢的地方之一！
It's so peaceful out there.

那里的环境特别宁静。
—Yeah, that place is really quiet.

——是啊，那个地方真的很安静。
And some of those sculptures—wow!

还有那些雕塑——哇！
I couldn't believe how big and lifelike they were.

我简直不敢相信它们那么大，还那么栩栩如生。
—Yes, they're amazing.

——是的，真的很棒。
So today you walked along the city wall, right?

所以今天你沿着城墙走了，对吧？
—Unfortunately, no, I just didn't have the time.

——很遗憾，没有，我实在没时间。
—Wow, I can't believe you didn't see the wall!

——哇，我真不敢相信你没去看看城墙！
You have to stay longer, Paul.

你得多待一段时间，保罗。
There's so much more of Pingyao's history to see.

平遥还有那么多历史等着你去发现呢。
—Oh, don't worry, I'll be back in Turtle City one day.

——哦，别担心，总有一天我会回到这个龟城的。
I just can't get enough of those beef noodles.

我实在吃不够那些牛肉面。
Reading for Writing

阅读写作
1 Read the text and discuss the questions in pairs.

1 阅读课文，两人一组讨论问题。
BEAUTIFUL IRELAND AND ITS TRADITIONS

美丽的爱尔兰及其传统
Ireland's beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions.

一直以来，爱尔兰美丽的乡村对其人民和传统产生着深远的影响。
The country has a long history of producing great writers and poets.

爱尔兰有着孕育杰出作家和诗人的悠久传统。
Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all, offering something for each of the senses.

美丽的乡村给人以激情和灵感，满足各种感官享受。
The peaceful landscape of the 'Emerald Isle' and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.

“绿宝石（爱尔兰）岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
And down by the sea, the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast.

海边，波浪咆哮，海鸟鸣叫，奏响了海岸交响乐。
On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.

山里宁静的早晨，感受阳光照在你身上，呼吸着鲜花的芬芳，鸟儿用清晨的歌声来迎接新的一天的到来。
With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining.

这般美景，造就了爱尔兰音乐、舞蹈及菜肴等独有的民间传统也就不足为奇了。
To have a chance of experiencing this, stop by a village pub and relax with a glass of wine or a local beer.

要想体验这一切，可以去一家乡村酒吧，喝上一杯葡萄酒或本地的啤酒放松一下。
Better yet, enjoy a delicious traditional Irish Beef Stew.

更为美妙的是，可品尝美味的爱尔兰传统炖牛肉。
If you're lucky, you might be able to enjoy some traditional music and dancing, too.

如果运气好的话，你也许还可以欣赏到传统的音乐和舞蹈。
And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face,

向友善的当地人做个自我介绍，
you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.

你定能亲身体验当地的文化和习俗。

人教版必修二英语UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS单词跟读音频

单词跟读

Confucius

mansion

cemetery

philosophy

descendant

individual

heel

kingdom

chief

puzzle

altogether

simile

composer

energy

assume

various

opportunity

conductor

enable

award

satisfaction

stage

Nevada

metaphor

somehow

outline

techno

phenomenon

gradual

知识点笔记

2026人教版必修二英语 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS 课文听力课文语法考点、听力问答与重点短语笔记

必修二Unit 4文史传统课文考纲解析

在《UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS》篇章中，语篇围绕世界与中国著名历史建筑、传统习俗与先贤思想展开。学生应建立宏观历史时空观念，掌握介绍历史遗迹地理位置与文化意义的说明文写作框架。

核心文史词汇音标与中文翻译对照

1. Confucius [kənˈfjuːʃəs]（孔子）；
2. mansion [ˈmænʃn]（公馆、宅第）；
3. cemetery [ˈsemətri]（公墓、墓地）；
4. philosophy [fəˈlɒsəfi]（哲学）；
5. descendant [dɪˈsendənt]（后裔、子孙）；
6. individual [ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl]（个人、个体的）。

主从复合句语法与篇章逻辑连接词

重点解析由 where 引导的定语从句在描述历史名胜中的应用；分析 although 与 however 等转折让步连词在传统与现代对比语篇中的衔接功能。

人教版必修二课文朗读

2026人教版必修二英语 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS 课文听力音频与中英双语对照